textbook study guide #11: From Republic to Empire
NAME: ___________________________ PERIOD: _____
Read chapter 5, section 2, pages 152-159 and answer the questions below:
1. By 200 B.C., the Senate was the true governing body of Rome. What powers did the Senate have? (p. 152)
2. Why over time did many small farmers (from the plebeian class) lose their farms? (p. 152)
3. How did the Gracchus brothers (the inspiration for the character Gracchus in Spartacus) hope to solve the problems caused by the decline of the small farmer? (p. 152)
4. In "Martyrs of the Roman Republic" (top of page 153), how did Tiberius Gracchus try to reduce the power of the Senate in favor of the plebeian Assembly?
5. In 107 B.C., a new system of raising armies went into effect that increased the power of generals -- explain. (p. 153)
6. The first dictator in Rome was Lucius Sulla. He took over Rome in 82 B.C. and restored power to who? (p. 154)
7. After the defeat of Spartacus' slave army in 70 B.C., three men (two seen in Spartacus and one mentioned in the movie) formed a triumvirate (government shared by three people with equal power) in 60 B.C. Who were the men who made up this First Triumvirate? (p. 154)
8. Eventually, Marcus Crassus (from Spartacus) was killed in battle, and Caesar defeated Pompey, the other member of the Triumvirate. In 45 B.C., Caesar was officially made dictator. What is a dictator? (p. 154)
9. Why was Julius Caesar assassinated and who assassinated him? (p. 154)
10. A second triumvirate was formed shortly after Caesar was assassinated, but didn't last long. What Egyptian queen became involved in the civil war that ended the Roman republic? (p. 154)
10. Although Octavian (Caesar's adopted son) restored the Senate, he in fact kept most of the political power, was awarded the title Augustus(meaning revered one) and in fact became Rome's first emperor. This term came from the Latin word imperator, which means commander-in-chief. Why do you think the role of commander-in-chief of the army effectively ensured the emperor's supreme power in Rome for the emperor? (p. 156)
11. What was the Pax Romana (Roman Peace)? (p. 157)
12. Eventually the Roman Empire became about as large as the United States is, with over 50 million people. In 212 A.D., every free person anywhere in the empire was awarded what privilege? (p. 159)
13. Although the Roman Empire became very rich and powerful under the emperors, with extensive trade and farming, there was a huge gap between the rich and the poor in Roman society. Why? (p. 159)
Read chapter 5, section 2, pages 152-159 and answer the questions below:
1. By 200 B.C., the Senate was the true governing body of Rome. What powers did the Senate have? (p. 152)
2. Why over time did many small farmers (from the plebeian class) lose their farms? (p. 152)
3. How did the Gracchus brothers (the inspiration for the character Gracchus in Spartacus) hope to solve the problems caused by the decline of the small farmer? (p. 152)
4. In "Martyrs of the Roman Republic" (top of page 153), how did Tiberius Gracchus try to reduce the power of the Senate in favor of the plebeian Assembly?
5. In 107 B.C., a new system of raising armies went into effect that increased the power of generals -- explain. (p. 153)
6. The first dictator in Rome was Lucius Sulla. He took over Rome in 82 B.C. and restored power to who? (p. 154)
7. After the defeat of Spartacus' slave army in 70 B.C., three men (two seen in Spartacus and one mentioned in the movie) formed a triumvirate (government shared by three people with equal power) in 60 B.C. Who were the men who made up this First Triumvirate? (p. 154)
8. Eventually, Marcus Crassus (from Spartacus) was killed in battle, and Caesar defeated Pompey, the other member of the Triumvirate. In 45 B.C., Caesar was officially made dictator. What is a dictator? (p. 154)
9. Why was Julius Caesar assassinated and who assassinated him? (p. 154)
10. A second triumvirate was formed shortly after Caesar was assassinated, but didn't last long. What Egyptian queen became involved in the civil war that ended the Roman republic? (p. 154)
10. Although Octavian (Caesar's adopted son) restored the Senate, he in fact kept most of the political power, was awarded the title Augustus(meaning revered one) and in fact became Rome's first emperor. This term came from the Latin word imperator, which means commander-in-chief. Why do you think the role of commander-in-chief of the army effectively ensured the emperor's supreme power in Rome for the emperor? (p. 156)
11. What was the Pax Romana (Roman Peace)? (p. 157)
12. Eventually the Roman Empire became about as large as the United States is, with over 50 million people. In 212 A.D., every free person anywhere in the empire was awarded what privilege? (p. 159)
13. Although the Roman Empire became very rich and powerful under the emperors, with extensive trade and farming, there was a huge gap between the rich and the poor in Roman society. Why? (p. 159)