Glossary


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C

Cabinet System

Collection of people who run various departments in government. Usually report to the chief executive, such as the prime Minister, or the President.

Caesar, Julius

(100-44 BCE), Roman general and statesman. He is responsible for setting up the imperial system in Rome which placed his grandnephew, Augustus, on the throne.

calendar

A system for keeping track of time.

Caliph

In Islam, the successor to the Prophet Mohammed.

calligraphy

A form of fine handwriting.

Calvin, John

(1509-1564) Theologian and church reformer who developed a form of Protestantism during the Reformation. His church is known for the idea of predestination, which states certain people are predestined for heaven.

cannon

A weapon which uses an iron ball as a projectile and gunpowder as the blasting agent.

Canon on Medicine

A book written by Ibn Sina, a famous Islamic physician, which was an encyclopedia of Greek, Arabic, and his own knowledge of medicine. This book became the standard medical text in Europe for over five hundred years.

Cape of Good Hope

Southern tip of the African continent.

capital

Money that is used for investment.

capitalism

An economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods. Also promotes a free market regulated by supply and demand.

caravel

A Portuguese ship that had a large cargo area and used two orthree masts.

Carbon-14 Dating

A chemical analysis used to resolve the age of organic material based on their content of the radioisotope carbon-14.

Cardinal Richelieu

(1585-1642) French Cardinal and politician responsible for instituting absolutist practices in France.

cartography

The skill of making maps.

Cash Crop Economy

An economic system based on the exportation of certain crops such as sugar, cotton, and coffee.

Cashed Crops

A readily salable crop that is grown and gethered for the market.

Caste System

A rigid social class system in Hinduism.

Castro, Fidel

(1926?- ) Leader of the Cuban Revolution and communist dictator of Cuba. He is responsible for making Cuba a socialist country which has often been at odds with the United States. Notably, the bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Catherine the Great

An enlightened despot who ruled over Russia. She is responsible for many positive changes in Russia, as well as securing the country a warm water port.

causeway

A paved road or path.

Cavalry

Mounted warriors.

Cavour, Camillo

(1810-61) Prime Minister of Sardinia, a large Italian State. He formed alliances with other foreign powers to help end Austria's and Spain's control. Instrumental in the unification of Italy.

CE

Date designation meaning Common Era, or the last two thousand years of history.

censorship

The suppression information considered offensive or a threat to security.

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