textbook study guide #8 -- The Great Peloponnesian War (master
For questions 1-8, read page 123 ("The Great Peloponnesian War") and use the map on page 122:
1.After the combined forces of the Greek city-states defeated the second Persian invasion, the Great Peloponnesian War broke out between Athens and Sparta in 431 B.C. Why?
* Not only were Sparta and Athens distrustful of each other because of their different customs, but Sparta also was resentful of the growing power of Athens after the defeat of the Persians
2. Why did the Athenians elect to stay behind their city walls as a strategy in the war with Sparta?
* They knew they could not defeat the Spartan army, and they knew the Spartans could not camp outside their walls for as long as Athens could keep shuttling in supplies to the harbor under the protection of the Athenian navy
3. How does the map of the war on page 122 demonstrate why Athenians felt they could stay behind their walls indefinitely?
* the city was connected directly to the sea
4. What happened in the second year of the war that badly hurt the chances of the Athenians to win?
* a plague killed 1/3 of the Athenian citizens
5. The final blow to Athens came when what happened to their navy?
* it was destroyed in a naval battle near Sicily by the fleets of Sparta's allies
6. What did the Spartans do the city of Athens after their military victory? Why do you think the Spartans did it?
* tore down the walls and destroyed Athenian warships -- this would prevent Athens from fighting against Sparta again
7. In the long run, Sparta also was weakened by the war, despite their victory. Why?
* the wars were very expensive and many Spartans died in the wars
8. Again using the map on page 122, which future major power in Greece, the home later of Alexander the Great, was allied to Sparta? (hint: northern portion of Greece)
* Macedonia
1.After the combined forces of the Greek city-states defeated the second Persian invasion, the Great Peloponnesian War broke out between Athens and Sparta in 431 B.C. Why?
* Not only were Sparta and Athens distrustful of each other because of their different customs, but Sparta also was resentful of the growing power of Athens after the defeat of the Persians
2. Why did the Athenians elect to stay behind their city walls as a strategy in the war with Sparta?
* They knew they could not defeat the Spartan army, and they knew the Spartans could not camp outside their walls for as long as Athens could keep shuttling in supplies to the harbor under the protection of the Athenian navy
3. How does the map of the war on page 122 demonstrate why Athenians felt they could stay behind their walls indefinitely?
* the city was connected directly to the sea
4. What happened in the second year of the war that badly hurt the chances of the Athenians to win?
* a plague killed 1/3 of the Athenian citizens
5. The final blow to Athens came when what happened to their navy?
* it was destroyed in a naval battle near Sicily by the fleets of Sparta's allies
6. What did the Spartans do the city of Athens after their military victory? Why do you think the Spartans did it?
* tore down the walls and destroyed Athenian warships -- this would prevent Athens from fighting against Sparta again
7. In the long run, Sparta also was weakened by the war, despite their victory. Why?
* the wars were very expensive and many Spartans died in the wars
8. Again using the map on page 122, which future major power in Greece, the home later of Alexander the Great, was allied to Sparta? (hint: northern portion of Greece)
* Macedonia