textbook study #7 -- The Athenians (master)
Read in the textbook chapter 4, pages 117-122, on Athens:
1. By the early 7th century, Athens' king had been replaced by an oligarchy. Describe the oligarchy? (page 11)
aristocrats (the rich) governed Athens ("rule by the few")
2. How did Athens become a tyranny by 560 B.C.? (page 117)
all power seized by one person
3. How did the Athenian democracy come into existence under Cleisthenes? (page 117)
rebellion by the people
4. What was the structure of the Athenian democracy? (page 117)
Council of 500 created -- supervised foreign affairs, oversaw the treasury, and proposed laws.
Assembly -- all male citizens voted on laws
5. What period of Greek history is known as Classical Greece? (page 118)
500 B.C. to 338 B.C. (when the Greek city-states were conquered by King Philip of Macedonia)
6. What event caused the Athenians to clash with the Persian Empire? (page 118)
Athens aid to rebellions against Persia
7. Look at the map of the Persian wars on page 119 -- how did the strategy of the first Persian campaign against Greece differ from the second campaign?
invasion by land rather than by sea
8. What happened at Salamis and at Plataea in 480? (page 119)
At Salamis, the Athenian navy defeated the Persian navy; at Plataea the combined amies of the Greek city states defeated the Persian army
9. Read the "Turning Point -- Pericles Explains Athenian Democracy" on page 120 -- what does Pericles say about freedom and lawlessness?
freedom is important, but must be limited by democratically-voted laws
10. Look at the chart of Athenian and American democracy at the bottom of page 120 -- how do participation and eligibility in Athenian democracy differ from participation and eligibility in American democracy?
females can vote in America; plus we have a representative democracy rather than a direct democracy
11. After the defeat of the Persians, how did Athens become an empire? (page 121)
established colonies and allies throughout the Mediterranean Sea
12. Under the leadership of Pericles, Athens became a direct democracy. Explain what a direct democracy is. (page 121)
(direct democracy --where the people vote on laws, rather than elected officials voting on laws)
13. How did the Athenians use the practice of ostracism to protect them against ambitious politicians? (page 121)
popular politicians were exiled for a period of time
14. Why did Pericles call Athens "the school of Greece"? (page 121)
because Athens focused its society on education and the arts, as well as democracy
15. Why was foreign trade such a large part of the Athenian economy? (pages 121-122)
lack of good land, and extensive colonies, along with access to the seas
16. Describe the life of a typical Athenian woman. (page 122)
extremely limited rights, with her major role raising children
1. By the early 7th century, Athens' king had been replaced by an oligarchy. Describe the oligarchy? (page 11)
aristocrats (the rich) governed Athens ("rule by the few")
2. How did Athens become a tyranny by 560 B.C.? (page 117)
all power seized by one person
3. How did the Athenian democracy come into existence under Cleisthenes? (page 117)
rebellion by the people
4. What was the structure of the Athenian democracy? (page 117)
Council of 500 created -- supervised foreign affairs, oversaw the treasury, and proposed laws.
Assembly -- all male citizens voted on laws
5. What period of Greek history is known as Classical Greece? (page 118)
500 B.C. to 338 B.C. (when the Greek city-states were conquered by King Philip of Macedonia)
6. What event caused the Athenians to clash with the Persian Empire? (page 118)
Athens aid to rebellions against Persia
7. Look at the map of the Persian wars on page 119 -- how did the strategy of the first Persian campaign against Greece differ from the second campaign?
invasion by land rather than by sea
8. What happened at Salamis and at Plataea in 480? (page 119)
At Salamis, the Athenian navy defeated the Persian navy; at Plataea the combined amies of the Greek city states defeated the Persian army
9. Read the "Turning Point -- Pericles Explains Athenian Democracy" on page 120 -- what does Pericles say about freedom and lawlessness?
freedom is important, but must be limited by democratically-voted laws
10. Look at the chart of Athenian and American democracy at the bottom of page 120 -- how do participation and eligibility in Athenian democracy differ from participation and eligibility in American democracy?
females can vote in America; plus we have a representative democracy rather than a direct democracy
11. After the defeat of the Persians, how did Athens become an empire? (page 121)
established colonies and allies throughout the Mediterranean Sea
12. Under the leadership of Pericles, Athens became a direct democracy. Explain what a direct democracy is. (page 121)
(direct democracy --where the people vote on laws, rather than elected officials voting on laws)
13. How did the Athenians use the practice of ostracism to protect them against ambitious politicians? (page 121)
popular politicians were exiled for a period of time
14. Why did Pericles call Athens "the school of Greece"? (page 121)
because Athens focused its society on education and the arts, as well as democracy
15. Why was foreign trade such a large part of the Athenian economy? (pages 121-122)
lack of good land, and extensive colonies, along with access to the seas
16. Describe the life of a typical Athenian woman. (page 122)
extremely limited rights, with her major role raising children